By the The Bulldog Law Criminal Defense Team • Reviewed by a licensed California criminal defense attorney Penal Code § 273d makes it a WOBBLER up to a year in county jail, or 2, 4, or 6 YEARS as a felony to willfully inflict on a child CRUEL OR INHUMAN corporal punishment, or an injury resu...
DeFi Liquidation Bots and MEV Disputes can arise when a borrower, trader, liquidity provider, or protocol user loses digital assets because automated systems liquidated collateral, reordered transactions, exploited price movement, or captured value before the user could react. In California, a us...
Vehicle Code § 14601 and its family make driving with a SUSPENDED or revoked license a priorable MISDEMEANOR and unlike its gentler cousin § 12500, this family carries teeth: § 14601.1 ...
Penal Code § 148.5 makes it a MISDEMEANOR up to six months in county jail to KNOWINGLY report a felony or misdemeanor to a peace officer, prosecutor, or grand jury when you know the rep...
Vehicle Code § 10851(a) makes it a crime to TAKE or DRIVE someone else's vehicle WITHOUT the owner's consent, with intent to deprive the owner of possession EITHER PERMANENTLY OR TEMPOR...
By the The Bulldog Law Criminal Defense Team • Reviewed by a licensed California criminal defense attorney Legalization did not legalize SELLING: Health and Safety Code § 11359 still criminalizes possessing marijuana FOR SALE without a state license - but Prop 64 flipped the stakes: for most...
Crypto Chargeback and Reversal Disputes can arise when a buyer pays with a credit card, debit card, ACH transfer, wire, payment app, or other fiat method, but the crypto delivery has already occurred on-chain. The problem is that many fiat payment systems have dispute or reversal processes, while...
Token Migration Disputes can arise when a crypto project replaces an old token with a new one and holders miss the swap, burn, claim, or upgrade deadline. A holder may still own the original token on-chain, but the project, exchange, or market may treat the old token as unsupported, worthless, fr...
Penal Code § 30605 makes possessing an ASSAULT WEAPON a WOBBLER up to a year in county jail as a misdemeanor, or 16 months, 2, or 3 years as a felony, charged PER WEAPON with a narrow fir...
Penal Code § 118 makes PERJURY a straight felony 2, 3, or 4 years committed by WILLFULLY stating as true a MATERIAL fact you KNOW to be false, either under oath (testimony, depositions) o...
An ENHANCEMENT is added prison time stacked on top of a base sentence - alleged in the charging document, proven (to a jury, beyond a reasonable doubt) separately from guilt, and freque...
Crypto Private Key Disputes can put an entire business, DAO, investment account, project treasury, or family asset at risk. When one founder, employee, contractor, advisor, agent, or former partner controls the private keys or seed phrase, the legal issue is not only who can move the assets. The ...
Web3 Contractor Disputes often begin when a developer, designer, Discord moderator, community manager, smart contract engineer, security reviewer, game designer, or growth consultant completes work but is not paid in crypto, stablecoins, tokens, NFTs, or cash. In California, these disputes usuall...
Penal Code § 837 gives every private person a real arrest power, in three lanes: (1) for a PUBLIC OFFENSE - felony or misdemeanor - committed or attempted IN YOUR PRESENCE; (2) when the...
Penal Code § 550 criminalizes KNOWINGLY presenting a false or fraudulent insurance claim or making false statements in SUPPORT of one, or concealing events that affect entitlement acros...
California is an ALL-PARTY consent state the strictest in the nation: Penal Code § 632 makes it a crime to use a device to EAVESDROP ON or RECORD a CONFIDENTIAL communication without th...
PROBATION is a sentence served in the COMMUNITY granted by a judge at sentencing INSTEAD of (or alongside brief) custody, supervised by the court and county probation, and revocable back...
By the The Bulldog Law Criminal Defense Team • Reviewed by a licensed California criminal defense attorney YES sobriety checkpoints are legal in California: the U.S. and California Supreme Courts have upheld them as administrative stops, exempt from the usual requirement of individualized su...
Crypto OTC Trade Disputes can arise when a high-value private digital asset transaction fails after one side sends funds, claims proof of funds, demands release from escrow, reverses a fiat payment, or disappears before settlement is complete. For California buyers, sellers, brokers, escrow agent...
Crypto Market Maker Agreements can help a token project support trading activity, improve order book depth, and prepare for exchange listings. They can also create serious legal risk if the arrangement crosses the line into wash trading, artificial volume, misleading liquidity claims, undisclosed...
Crypto Escrow Disputes can arise when Bitcoin, stablecoins, tokens, NFTs, staking rewards, or other digital assets are held by a third party or controlled wallet but are not released after the buyer, seller, investor, founder, or service provider believes the release conditions were satisfied. In...
Crypto Whistleblower Claims can arise when an employee, contractor, advisor, founder, compliance officer, exchange worker, token project insider, or investor has information about possible fraud, market manipulation, tax violations, or sanctions violations involving digital assets. The decision t...
By the The Bulldog Law Criminal Defense Team • Reviewed by a licensed California criminal defense attorney California concealed-carry licensing transformed in 2022: the Supreme Court's BRUEN decision struck down “good cause” requirements nationwide, ending the era when California sheriffs co...
By the The Bulldog Law Criminal Defense Team • Reviewed by a licensed California criminal defense attorney Penal Code § 21310 makes it a WOBBLER misdemeanor up to a year, or felony at 16 months, 2, or 3 years to carry CONCEALED upon your person a “dirk or dagger”: defined (§ 16470) as ANY kn...
By the The Bulldog Law Criminal Defense Team • Reviewed by a licensed California criminal defense attorney California's evading ladder has three rungs: MISDEMEANOR evading (§ 2800.1) willfully fleeing or attempting to elude a pursuing peace officer, up to a year in jail; FELONY-WOBBLER evadi...