Crypto Arbitration Clauses can determine whether a dispute against an exchange, wallet provider, DeFi platform, NFT marketplace, token issuer, or Web3 startup is heard in court or in a private arbitration forum. For California users and businesses, the answer is usually fact-specific: an exchange...
Crypto Subscription and Auto-Renewal Payments can create serious consumer protection risk when a business charges customers repeatedly through wallets, tokens, stablecoins, exchange accounts, or crypto payment processors. In California, recurring payment models must be built around clear consent,...
The dividing line is custody time: a MISDEMEANOR is punishable by AT MOST one year in county jail; a FELONY is punishable by more than a year 16 months minimum in county jail under reali...
Penal Code § 273.5 makes it a crime to WILLFULLY inflict corporal injury resulting in a TRAUMATIC CONDITION on an intimate partner a spouse or former spouse, cohabitant or former cohabi...
Penal Code § 31 erases the line between helper and doer: ALL persons concerned in the commission of a crime whether they directly commit it or AID AND ABET its commission are PRINCIPALS,...
Crypto Business Breakups can be especially difficult because the most valuable assets may not sit in a bank account or a traditional company file. A founder dispute may involve wallets, tokens, smart contracts, multisig control, project code, brand assets, domain names, social accounts, investor ...
Crypto Evidence in Court can be powerful, but it is rarely as simple as pointing to a blockchain transaction and saying the case is proven. In California civil and criminal cases, blockchain records may help show transfers, timing, wallet activity, token balances, payments, and asset movement. Th...
Penal Code § 1000 is PRETRIAL DIVERSION for qualifying drug charges: instead of prosecution, an eligible defendant enters a 12-to-18-month drug education and treatment program WITHOUT p...
Penal Code § 273a punishes ENDANGERMENT willfully causing or permitting a child to suffer unjustifiable pain or mental suffering, or, while having care or custody, willfully causing or ...
Penal Code § 314 makes it a crime to WILLFULLY expose one's genitals in the presence of someone who could be offended or annoyed but only with LEWD INTENT: a specific purpose of directin...
By the The Bulldog Law Criminal Defense Team • Reviewed by a licensed California criminal defense attorney Penal Code § 653m makes two things a misdemeanor each up to 6 months and $1,000: subdivision (a), contacting someone by phone or ANY electronic device (calls, texts, emails, DMs, app me...
Penal Code § 597 is a WOBBLER misdemeanor up to a year, or felony 16 months, 2, or 3 years covering two very different crimes: MALICIOUS cruelty (intentionally maiming, wounding, torturi...
By the The Bulldog Law Criminal Defense Team • Reviewed by a licensed California criminal defense attorney Penal Code § 602 is California's catch-all trespass law more than thirty lettered subdivisions criminalizing specific ways of entering or REMAINING on property without permission: occupy...
Health and Safety Code § 11550 makes it a MISDEMEANOR - up to a year in county jail - to willfully be UNDER THE INFLUENCE of specified controlled substances (heroin and other opiates, co...
Penal Code § 166 makes it a MISDEMEANOR up to 6 months to willfully disobey the terms of any lawful court order: the workhorse subdivision is 166(a)(4), covering criminal protective orde...
By the The Bulldog Law Criminal Defense Team • Reviewed by a licensed California criminal defense attorney Penal Code § 470 makes it FORGERY to sign another person's name (or a fictitious one) without authority, to fake or alter documents checks, money orders, contracts, deeds, wills, receipt...
By the The Bulldog Law Criminal Defense Team • Reviewed by a licensed California criminal defense attorney Attempted murder charged as Penal Code §§ 664/187 requires two elements: a SPECIFIC INTENT TO KILL, and a DIRECT STEP toward the killing that goes beyond planning; and its sentences are...
Penal Code § 415 the “415” you hear on police scanners makes three things a crime: (1) unlawfully FIGHTING, or challenging someone to fight, in a public place; (2) willfully and malicio...
A “wet reckless” is not a crime police arrest you for - it's a NEGOTIATED OUTCOME: your DUI charge is reduced to reckless driving (VC § 23103) with a notation that alcohol was involved ...
Penal Code § 417 makes it a crime to DRAW OR EXHIBIT any deadly weapon firearm or otherwise in a RUDE, ANGRY, OR THREATENING manner in someone's presence, or to unlawfully use one in a f...
Penal Code § 29800 makes it a STRAIGHT FELONY - 16 months, 2, or 3 years - for anyone previously convicted of a felony (any felony, from any state or federal court, however old) to OWN,...
Token Sale Refund Demands often arise when investors paid for digital assets but the project delayed launch, changed tokenomics, missed a token generation event, failed to list the token, or delivered something materially different from what investors expected. In California, refund rights usu...
By the The Bulldog Law Criminal Defense Team • Reviewed by a licensed California criminal defense attorney Penal Code § 496(a) makes it a crime to BUY, RECEIVE, CONCEAL, SELL, or WITHHOLD property from its owner knowing the property was stolen or obtained by extortion and the punishment spli...
Kidnapping under Penal Code § 207(a) is taking a person by force or fear and moving them a SUBSTANTIAL DISTANCE without consent a straight felony carrying 3, 5, or 8 years, ALWAYS a str...
By the The Bulldog Law Criminal Defense Team • Reviewed by a licensed California criminal defense attorney False imprisonment under Penal Code § 236 is the unlawful violation of another person's liberty intentionally restraining, detaining, or confining someone so they must stay or go somewh...